Who should pay Zakat?

Zakat must be paid by Muslim adults who are mentally sound and have a net worth above the nisab threshold. The nisab is the minimum amount of wealth that a Muslim must possess before becoming obligated to pay zakat.  Once a Muslim’s total net assets reach nisab amount, they become eligible to pay zakat. 

The nisab threshold was established by Prophet Muhammad as an amount equivalent to 87.48 grams of gold or 612.36 grams of silver. We no longer use metals as currency today. So, Muslims need to find the value of those nisab rates in their local currency. The Islamic lunar year cycle is used to determine when zakat becomes due annually. 

How to Calculate Zakat On Cash?

There is no book-written fixed amount of Zakat. Calculating Zakat can vary depending on the type of wealth one owns. When it comes to Zakat on cash, the general rule is to give 2.5% of the total amount held for a full lunar year. This includes savings, investments, and any other cash assets that have remained in one’s possession for a year or more. To calculate Zakat on cash, simply determine the total amount and multiply it by 0.025 to find the amount owed. 

How Much Zakat on Gold needed to pay:

Gold holds a special place in Zakat calculations due to its enduring. Zakat on gold follows a similar principle, with the rate being 2.5% of the total weight of gold owned for a full lunar year. This applies to gold jewelry, bullion, or any other form of gold wealth.  The value of the gold must be determined based on current market prices.

Pay your Zakat Donation Through UMR

Who is eligible for Zakat? 

Zakat isn’t just about giving; it’s about ensuring that those in need receive support. Zakat is obligated upon Muslims to ensure people get the help they need. To be eligible for Zakat, certain criteria needed to be fulfilled. This includes persons who are impoverished, in need, and have a lot of debt. Travelers who have run out of money on their journey are eligible. Zakat assists travelers in need. Giving zakat is a way to purify one’s remaining wealth while supporting those who lack access to sufficient resources. 

Muslims pay zakat as a profound act of faith and one of the quintessential pillars of Islam. Zakat allows relief to the poor, indebted, and anyone facing hardship. It’s also a great blessing and opportunity for Muslims to express gratitude for prosperity. 

Frequently Asked Questions:

1.  If I donate a lot to charity throughout the year, do I still need to pay zakat separately?

Yes, you still need to pay zakat even if you make other charitable donations regularly. The intention behind giving zakat is specific – it must be given with the conscious intention of fulfilling the zakat obligation. General charity given without this particular intention cannot be counted towards your annual zakat payment.

2. Am I allowed to give my zakat contribution to family members?

Zakat funds can only be distributed to the eight categories of eligible recipients outlined in Islamic guidelines. This includes the poor, needy, those in debt, and others facing difficult financial conditions. If a family member falls into one of those eligible categories, you can give them a portion of your zakat

The post How Much Zakat to Pay? appeared first on UMR.

However, determining who is eligible for Zakat can be a nuanced process.The Zakat amount varies based on individual wealth and is specifically allocated to designated recipients. Zakat is exclusively directed towards specific groups, including the poor, the needy, those in debt, individuals in bondage, and wayfarers. Through this mandated giving, Muslims showcase their dedication to aiding those in need and actively contributing to poverty alleviation within their communities.

In this blog, we explore the criteria that define eligibility for Zakat, shedding light on the principles and guidelines set forth in Islamic teachings.

Why is Zakat important ?

Zakat holds significance in Islam as it serves both a religious and societal purpose. It is a mandatory act of charity, reflecting a Muslim’s commitment to social justice and the well-being of the community. By purifying wealth through Zakat, individuals acknowledge their responsibility to assist the less fortunate, reduce poverty, and promote economic equality. Additionally, Zakat fosters a sense of compassion and solidarity among Muslims, reinforcing the principles of generosity and empathy in the Islamic faith. In one of Prophet(Peace be upon him)’s hadith, it says, “One who pays Zakat, Allah will make their wealth increase”

Zakat Eligibility

Categories of Eligible Recipients

Islamic teachings outline specific categories of people who are eligible to receive Zakat.The poor (Fuqara), the needy (Masakin), those employing to collect Zakat, those reconciling hearts (Mu’allafat al-Qulub), those freeing slaves (Fir-Riqab), debtors (Al-Gharimin), those in the cause of Allah (Fi Sabilillah), and wayfarers (Ibn Sabil) are included.

Nisab and Wealth

Zakat is typically given by those whose wealth exceeds a certain threshold known as Nisab. Understanding this financial benchmark is crucial for individuals to assess their eligibility to contribute to Zakat. The Nisab value is based on the current market value of specific assets and is updated annually. 

Poverty and Need

The purpose of Zakat is to alleviate the hardships of those who are facing financial difficulties. Individuals or families who are unable to meet their basic needs – such as food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare – qualify to receive Zakat. This ensures that the assistance reaches those facing genuine economic hardships.

Debtors in distress

Individuals burdened by debts, unable to free themselves from financial constraints, are eligible recipients of Zakat. This provision allows them to break free from the shackles of indebtedness and regain financial stability. 

Stranded Travelers 

Travelers who encounter unforeseen financial challenges during their journeys can receive Zakat assistance. This ensures that they can continue their travels safely and reach their destinations without undue hardship.

Liberating the Enslaved

Zakat funds can be allocated to liberate slaves or captives, fostering freedom and empowerment. This aspect of Zakat aligns with Islamic principles, promoting justice and compassion for those in captivity. 

Zakat Administrators

People entrusted with collecting, managing, and distributing Zakat are eligible to receive a portion of it as compensation for their efforts. This ensures the effective administration and distribution of Zakat funds.

Those whose hearts are inclined towards Islam

In Islam, we consider those who have recently embraced the faith, as well as those who befriend the Muslim community, as our brothers. As a result, these individuals are eligible for zakat. This helps them establish themselves with the Muslim community and fosters a sense of belonging. 

Zakat serves as a pillar of compassion and generosity in Islam, emphasizing the importance of supporting those less fortunate. Understanding who is eligible for Zakat can help individuals fulfill this obligation with sincerity and ensures that Zakat reaches those who need it the most. By adhering to the principles outlined in Islamic teachings, the act of giving Zakat becomes a meaningful contribution to building a more compassionate and just society.

Donate your Zakat with United Muslim Relief

This year, you can pay your Zakat safely and easily with UMR. UMR ensures that your Zakat donations reach the people who need it the most, without any deductions and administrative costs. At UMR, we believe zakat should not only aid those in need, but also empower them to break the shackles of poverty.  

Pay your zakat to UMR and become a part of a global movement that is changing lives and creating a better future for underserved communities. Join us in our journey to assist those in need and make a positive difference in the world.

The post Who is Eligible for Zakat? appeared first on UMR.

Islam recognizes two main categories of almsgiving: Zakat and Sadaqah. All Muslims are familiar with these two charities. But many can’t identify the difference between them. To abide by the rules of Islamic laws, one should be aware of how to distinguish between them.

Many sometimes get confused about Zakat and Sadaqah. During Ramadan, the amount we donate does it consider Zakat or Sadaqah. Can we only pay money for Zakat and Sadaqah? What type of charity is considerable as Zakat and Sadaqah? These are some very common questions in Muslims.

You will know about the answer to these questions in this blog. Let’s explore what is the difference between Sadaqah and Zakat. We will learn about Sadaqa vs Zakat in this blog.

Importance of Charity in Islam

Muslims put their faith in Allah (SWT) by helping people less fortunate than themselves.

Both the Qur’an and the Hadith have instructions on how to generously give to charity. We have the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to look up to as our ultimate role model. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said in a well-known hadith:

“Whoever has food on his table while his neighbor goes hungry cannot claim to be a believer.” 

– (Al-Albani)

Over 1400 years ago, Allah (SWT) instructed His beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to explain the many forms of charity. In Islam, Zakat and Sadaqah are the two main forms of charitable giving.

What is Zakat?

One of the five pillars of Islam and the foundation of the Islamic faith is Zakat. Every eligible Muslim has to donate 2.5% of their excess wealth as zakat to those in need. Allah (SWT) says in Quran,

“Establish Prayer and dispense Zakah….” - Surah Al-Baqarah

When it comes to paying Zakat, there are some eligibility requirements.

What is Sadaqah?

In the eyes of Allah (SWT), sadaqah is a type of voluntary charity and is a very rewarding activity. Since it isn’t obligatory for Muslims, it is a powerful symbol of their devotion to Allah (SWT). It also shows their desire to do good by serving others. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, 

“Sadaqah extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire.” - Tirmidhi

Sadaqah in Islam is a wonderful type of charity because it is not restricted to money offerings. Any good act towards others is considered Sadaqah.

Differences Between Zakat And Sadaqah

Zakat and Sadaqah differ significantly from one another. Zakat is a must while Sadaqah is not. They are both significant aspects of the Islamic faith though. We’ve compiled a list of the differences between Zakat and Sadaqah to make things simpler:

• Obligation

Zakat is a mandatory payment, whereas Sadaqah is voluntary.

• Amount

Zakat is a fixed percentage (usually 2.5%) of a person’s wealth or income. Bit Sadaqah has no set amount or percentage.

• Recipients

Zakat is primarily meant for specific categories of people, including the poor, the needy, and those in debt. Only Muslims can receive Zakat. But Muslims can give Sadaqah to anyone in need, including non-Muslims.

• Timeframe

Zakat must be paid once a year, whereas Sadaqah can be given at any time.

• Purpose

The purpose of Zakat is to purify wealth and support those in need. The purpose of Sadaqah is to earn rewards and show kindness to others.

• Accountability

Zakat is a right of the poor, and it is obligatory for Muslims to pay. Sadaqah is a voluntary act, and there is no obligation to give it.

• Types

Zakat and Zakat al-fitr or Fitrana are the two types of Zakat. Sadaqah and Sadaqah Jariya are the two main types of Sadaqah.

• Calculation

The calculation of Zakat is based on a person’s wealth or income. There is no set calculation for Sadaqah.

• Eligibility

To give Zakat, one has to earn eligibility. In the case of Sadaqah, anyone including the poor can give it.

• Priority

Zakat is a priority obligation. It should be paid before other forms of voluntary charity such as Sadaqah.

Common factors of Zakat and Sadaqah

Muslims have always been among the world’s most giving people. 

According to the Conversation, “In 2020, US Muslims gave to charity at a higher rate than other Americans. The percentage of Muslims in America is only 1.1%. They earn less on average than non-Muslims. However, their contributions accounted for 1.4% of all personal donations.”

That is an astounding statistic. It makes sense given how much attention and value Islam places on charitable giving. Islam recognizes a variety of charitable acts. Some of the acts are obligatory and some are voluntary. But both have the potential to alter the course of events and win Allah’s (SWT) blessing.

The post What Is the Difference Between Sadaqah And Zakat appeared first on UMR.

Zakat

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During Ramadan, fasting is an important and rewarding part of faith. It is the fourth pillar of Islam and a hard way to worship. Allah lets Muslims make up for the fast if they can’t finish it because of something out of their control. “Fidya” is the act of making up for fasts that were missed. Muslims must pay it if they have a good reason for not being able to fast and won’t be able to make up the fasts later.

For each Ramadan fast you missed, you can pay fidyah online or donate two meals to those in need. There is another term kaffarah for breaking fast during Ramadan. The difference is if you are breaking your fast deliberately or unintentionally.

Eligibility for Fidya and Kaffarah

Kaffarah refers to purposefully breaking the fast without a good reason, while fidyah payment is for delaying/not fasting due to illness or valid reasons. Some of the valid reasons include:

1. Too old to fast
2. Severe sickness
3. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
4. Mentally ill
5. Traveling far

If you are experiencing any of those above, you can pay fidyah. 

But if you break your fast intentionally, you have to pay kaffarah. For every missed fast, the fidya payment is enough to feed one person. But when you pay kaffarah, you have to pay enough to feed 60 people for every fast you miss. You can also pay kaffarah online to non-profit and trustable organizations like UMRelief if you are unable to find this amount of people. UMR will surely utilize your kaffarah donation to feed 60 people around the world.

Impact of Fidya Donation

Fidya donation benefits the community in many ways than just making up for missed fasts. Donations of food and money go to help starving people and their families all over the world. Thus, Allah still recognizes and appreciates one’s good deeds, even if one is unable to fast due to illness. In order to strengthen one’s faith during the holy month of Ramadan, it is necessary to grasp the meaning of fidya and make charitable contributions.

Calculate Your Fidya

Fidyah was considered to be a Sa’, half a Sa’, or a Mudd. Sa’ and Mudd are obsolete measuring devices from the Prophet’s (PBUH) time. But are no longer in use.  Today’s Fidyah calculation approximates the grain contribution from these metrics to grams/kilograms. The two most common computations are:

• Mudd (1 Double-Handful) = 0.650 kg and 0.675 kg
• Half A Sa’ (2 Double-Handfuls) = 1.3 kg and 1.35 kg
• Sa’ (4 Double-Handfuls) = 2.6 kg and 2.7 kg

To put it simply, for each missed fast, your fidyah payment must provide two meals to one impoverished person. Now, depending on time and location, the amount varies. Every year the price of food increases and the prices of food are different depending on the country.

Fidya for Ramadan 2023

It is also possible to pay Fidya’s value in a currency. Fidya Ramadan for each missed fast is $10. This is enough food for two meals for one person or one meal each for two people. If, however, a person fails to observe all Ramadan’s fasting requirements for a valid reason, they will be required to pay $300.

For Kaffarah, you have to pay $600 for each intentionally missed Ramadan which will be used to feed 60 people. So, to figure out how much you have to pay, multiply $600 by the number of fasts you missed or broke on purpose.

This calculation is only applicable for 2023 Ramadan. It may change for the next Ramadan depending on the economic circumstances.

When to Pay

As the amount varies for fidya and kaffarah, the time of giving them also varies from each other.

Fidya

You should pay it before you miss a fast or before Ramadan if you know you can’t fast for the whole month. If you break your fast during Ramadan, you should pay fidya immediately. You have to pay your fidya before the holy month of Ramadan ends.

Kaffarah

It is payable at any time during the year. But you are encouraged to pay it during Ramadan as it bears more rewards. Because during Ramadan, every good deed is rewarded heavily.

Recipients of Fidya

Only the impoverished and the needy are eligible to get fidyah. Fidyah is considered by scholars to be similar to zakat, thus individuals who are eligible to receive Zakat are also considered to be eligible to receive it.

Where to Donate

Before, each person took care of their own Fidya and gave it to people in need in their group and circles. Several institutions and platforms are now helping with the process of giving out Fidya. These have helped organize and distribute the Fidya to meet the needs of people in the modern world. Also, as the number of Muslims grows, these institutes make sure that Fidya gets to the right people around the world and that the whole Muslim community is involved.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to pay fidyah online?

You can pay fidyah online via trustable non-profit organizations like United Mission for Relief and Development (UMR).

Can I give fidya instead of fasting?

If you skipped fasting owing to illness, old age, or other valid reasons, you can pay fidya. Otherwise, you have to pay Kaffarah.

Can I pay fidyah after Ramadan?

No, pay fidyah during Ramadan. You can pay fidya before Ramadan if you know your fasts will be interrupted for a justifiable reason.

When should I give fidya?

If you have to break your fast for legitimate reasons, you have to pay fidya before the holy month of Ramadan ends.

Purify Yourself by Giving Fidya

During the holy month of Ramadan, the rewards of any good deed are increased. So, pay fidya online and kaffarah during this Ramadan. By doing so, you are not only erasing your sins but also gaining a lot of rewards. Besides, you are helping people to stay full and nourished during Ramadan. Your donations will bring smiles and happiness to the poor.

The post Conveniently Fulfill Your Obligation: Pay Fidyah Online appeared first on UMR.

Zakat Al Mal Vs Zakat Al Fitr

Zakat is an Islamic obligation that involves giving a portion of one’s wealth to help those in need. There are two main types of Zakat: Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr. While both are forms of charity, they have some significant differences. Many are confused regarding Zakat al mal vs Zakat al fitr; we will discuss them in this blog.

Zakat al-mal is an annual payment based on accumulated wealth. Zakat al-fitr is given during Ramadan to help those in need celebrate Eid. Both types of Zakat serve as an essential pillar of Islam, ensuring that wealth is shared among the less fortunate members of society. 

Understanding the differences between Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr can help Muslims fulfill their religious obligations. And contribute to building a more just and compassionate society.

Zakat al-mal

Zakat, which in Arabic means “purity, progress, blessings, and acclaim,”. It really refers to alms or money or food given to the needy. Zakat-al-mal, also known as Zakat is an obligation for every Muslim to share a certain part of their wealth with the ones in need. It applies to financial belongings such as currency, gold, silver, property, vehicles, etc. 

Muslims pay Zakat as an act of salvation. Allah has ordered us to give zakat alongside our prayer –

 

“Then steadfastly continue to duly establish the Prayer, and give the Zakât-Charity (Sûrat Al-Mujâdilah, 58:13)”

 

This holy act helps to substantially balance the uneven financial distribution in society. An individual can pay Zakat at any time as per Islamic requirements

Zakat al-fitr

The literal meaning of Zakat al-Fitr is “purifying charity of breaking the fast.” To define Zakat al Fitr, also known as Sadaqat al-Fitr, is a charitable contribution that Muslims give at the end of Ramadan before eid ul fitr. That’s why it is also called eid al fitr zakat. It is an obligatory act of worship for all Muslims who have the financial means to do so. A hadith describes the concept of Zakat al-fitr,

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory so that those who fasted may be purified of their idle deeds and shameful talk (committed during Ramadan) and so that the poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before the Eid prayer will have it accepted as Zakat, while he who gives it after the prayer has given regular charity.” (Abu Dawud)

The purpose of Zakat al-Fitr is to provide assistance to the poor and needy during Ramadan. And to promote a sense of community and equality among Muslims. The amount of Zakat al-Fitr depends on the value of a specific amount of food, such as dates or grains. It is calculated per person in the household. It is usually paid a few days before the end of Ramadan and one should give it to the poor and needy before the Eid prayer.

Differences Between Zakat al-Mal and Zakat al-Fitr

Both Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr serve almost the same purpose. But they both have significant differences. Zakat al-mal is an Islamic tax on money. And Zakat al-fitr is a tax that the head of the household pays on behalf of the rest of the family. Let’s dive into some more differences between them –

	Zakat al-Mal	Zakat al-Fitr
Meaning	Purification of wealth	Purification of breaking the fast
Purpose	Obligatory charity on accumulated wealth	Obligatory charity on the end of Ramadan
Payment	2.5% of one’s wealth annually	2.5kg of food or its monetary value is given annually
Eligibility	Applicable to Muslims who have accumulated wealth above the nisab (minimum threshold) amount for a full lunar year	Applicable to every Muslim who has food in excess of their needs at the end of Ramadan
Recipients	The poor and needy, debtors, and others listed in the Qur’an	The poor and needy, are typically distributed to local communities or charitable organizations
Time	Any time during the year	During the month of Ramadan before Eid al-Fitr

Similarities between Zakat al-Mal and Zakat al-fitr

Despite their differences, Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr have certain things in common. In Islam, Zakat al-mal and Zakat fitra eid are both required types of almsgiving. Helping those in need is the main goal of both Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr.

By giving the poor and needy access to basic essentials like food, clothing, and shelter, Zakat al-mal aims to assist them. On the other side, Zakat al-fitr aims to assist the impoverished and underprivileged in celebrating Eid al-Fitr. 

The impoverished and underprivileged must get both Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr. Both Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr are ways to purify your possessions. While paying Zakat al-mal or Zakat al-fitr, you must make a particular intention. The purpose should be to satisfy the Zakat duty and to seek Allah’s favor.

Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr both admonish Muslims to be kind and aid the poor. Muslims fulfill their obligation to Allah and show compassion for one another by paying Zakat.

Benefits of Zakat al-Mal and Zakat al-Fitr

In Islam, Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr are two types of charity that everyone must give. Here are some of the social, religious, and economic beneficiaries of Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr:

Social Benefits

Reducing poverty: 

Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr are ways to help those who are less fortunate. These charitable contributions can help reduce poverty. Also, they provide basic needs to the less privileged.

Building social harmony: 

They promote a sense of social responsibility. Also, they encourage the wealthy to help those in need. This can help build a more harmonious society. Because people from all walks of life work together to address social challenges.

Encouraging generosity: 

By obligating Muslims to give a part of their wealth to those in need, Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr promote generosity and altruism. This can help create a culture of giving. And motivate people to help others without expecting anything in return.

Religious Benefits

Fulfilling religious duty: 

Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr are obligatory acts of worship in Islam. By fulfilling these obligations, Muslims prove their commitment to their faith. Also, help to show their gratitude to God for the blessings they have received.

Purifying wealth: 

In Islam, giving Zakat is a way to purify one’s wealth and rid it of any impurities or negative influences. This can help individuals achieve a greater sense of spiritual purity and become closer to God.

Religious Benefits

Stimulating the economy: 

Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr can help stimulate economic growth by providing financial support to those in need. This can help create new opportunities and markets, as well as increase overall economic activity.

Reducing income inequality: 

By redistributing wealth from the wealthy to the less privileged, Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr can help reduce income inequality. This can promote greater economic and social stability by ensuring that all members of society have access to basic needs and opportunities.

Overall, Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr have numerous social, religious, and economic benefits. These charitable contributions promote generosity, social responsibility, and spiritual purity, while also helping to reduce poverty and promote economic growth and stability.

How to Donate Them Easily

There are many ways to donate Zakat al-mal and Zakat al-fitr. You can donate them directly to the needy. Or, donate to international organizations like United Mission for Relief and Development (UMR). 

Donating Zakat to UMR can have a greater impact because we work in areas where the need is the greatest. We work in some of the most vulnerable communities around the world, providing essential services like healthcare, education, and disaster relief. We have scholars and advisors who can ensure that your Zakat is distributed according to Islamic guidelines. 

UMR will use your Zakat effectively and efficiently to reach those who need it most. And as we have an online donation system, it’s comparatively easier and more convenient. You can fulfill your obligations with just a few clicks with UMR.

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Concept of Loans in Islam

In Islamic finance, loans are based on the principles of partnership, risk sharing, and social responsibility. The concept of loans in Islam revolves around the prohibition of riba. It means interest or usury. Riba is unethical and exploitative, and Islam prohibits it.

Instead of charging interest, Islamic finance offers various financial instruments based on profit-sharing. Such as – mudarabah and musharakah. In mudarabah, one party provides the capital, while the other party provides the expertise and management. The profits are then shared according to a pre-agreed ratio, while losses are borne by the provider of the capital.

In musharakah, both parties contribute capital and share profits and losses according to a pre-agreed ratio. This type of partnership is often used for large-scale projects where both parties share the risk and reward.

Overall, the concept of loans in Islam emphasizes ethical and socially responsible financing. Mutual benefit and risk-sharing are very important parts of it.

Understanding the Ruling on Zakat on Loans

When it comes to loans, the ruling on Zakat varies depending on the type of loan. There are two main types of loans:

1. Qard Al-Hasan: This is a loan given without any expectation of repayment or interest. In this case, Zakat is not applicable because the money is a gift rather than an investment.
2. Loans with Interest: This type of loan involves the payment of interest or usury. Islam prohibits this kind of thing. However, if a Muslim has taken out a loan with interest, the amount of the loan is a debt that must be repaid. Therefore, the loan amount is not a part of the individual’s wealth for Zakat calculation purposes.

So, if you have taken out a loan and owe money to someone else, then the amount you owe is a debt. You can subtract it from your total assets when calculating Zakat. This means that you do not have to pay Zakat for the amount that you owe.

The reason for this is that Zakat’s calculations depend on a person’s net wealth, which is their total assets minus their liabilities or debts. So, if you have a loan, the amount that you owe is a liability or debt, and it reduces your net wealth.

However, any interest earned on investments or savings is part of an individual’s wealth and is subject to Zakat. The Zakat payment on such interest is calculated at 2.5% of the interest earned.

Exceptional Scenarios for Zakat on Loans

There are exceptional cases where zakat on loans may differ, such as:

1. In case of inability to repay a loan, the lender may write off the loan as a charitable act. And pay zakat on the total amount of the loan.
2. If the lender is uncertain about the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, and it is likely that the loan may not be repaid, the lender may pay zakat on the loan amount in each year it remains outstanding.
3. If the lender receives any interest on the loan, then the interest received should be separated from the original loan amount. The interest received is a part of the lender’s income and is subject to zakat. The original loan amount is subject to zakat if it remains outstanding for a full lunar year.
4. If the loan is given for business purposes, the lender may exclude the outstanding loan amount from the zakat calculation if the loan is still actively used for business purposes.

It’s important to note that the exceptional cases of zakat on loans can vary depending on the individual circumstances and interpretations of Islamic scholars. Therefore, it’s recommended to consult with a qualified Islamic scholar or expert in zakat before making any zakat calculations or decisions

Calculation of Zakat on Loans

In the modern world, we have different kinds of loans for different kinds of necessities. Taking loans for education, a home or a car is a normal occurrence. Many have confusion regarding these issues of how to pay zakat on debts or loans. Here are some of the discussions of scholars regarding these loans and debts –

Student Loan

In case a student takes a loan for education. He/She has to pay it back after they graduate. And start earning a stable income, it is not considered as part of zakat student loans. However, if the loan is interest-bearing, it is haram and strictly prohibited. So, it is not counted as student loans zakat calculation.

Car Loan

A car loan is a debt. You can deduct it from the assets subject to the car loan zakat calculation if it is outstanding on the Zakat due date. The remaining amount after deducting the loan is the amount on which Zakat is calculated.

Home Loan

Like a car loan, a home loan is also a debt. You can deduct it from the assets subject to home loan zakat calculation. The remaining amount after deducting the home loan from the total assets is the amount on which Zakat is calculated. Zakat mortgage debt is the same as this.

Credit Card Debt

Credit card debt is a debt and can be deducted from the assets subject to zakat credit card debt calculation if it is outstanding on the Zakat due date. The remaining amount after deducting the credit card debt from the total assets is the amount on which Zakat is calculated.

Interest-bearing loans and debts are harams and strictly prohibited in Islam. So, before calculating zakat, get rid of these kinds of loans as soon as possible.

Advice on Loans and Debts in Islam

In Islam, borrowing and lending money is permissible but with certain conditions and guidelines. In Islam, taking on a loan or obligation that accrues interest is forbidden. So, these loans should be paid off as quickly as feasible before calculating zakat.

Here are some ways to recover or solve loans and debts according to Islam and pay zakat without worry:

1. Fulfill the agreement: The borrower must fulfill the agreed-upon terms and conditions of the loan. It includes repayment of the principal and interest (if applicable) on time.
2. Seek forgiveness: If the borrower is unable to repay the loan on time due to unforeseen circumstances, he/she should seek forgiveness from the lender and ask for an extension or a new repayment plan.
3. Mediation: If the borrower and lender are unable to come to an agreement, they can seek mediation from an unbiased third party such as a religious scholar or a respected member of the community.
4. Sell assets: If the borrower is unable to repay the loan, he/she can sell assets to repay the debt. However, the sale should be at a fair price and not less than the market value.
5. Charity: If the borrower is unable to repay the loan even after selling the assets, he/she can seek help from relatives, friends, or well-wishers. If this is not possible, the borrower can give to charity as a means of repayment.

Borrowing and lending should be done with caution and only when necessary. Muslims are encouraged to avoid unnecessary debt and to live within their means.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I pay my parents' debt with Zakat?

No, zakat cannot be used to pay off personal debts, including those of family members.

Do student loans affect Zakat?

Yes, one may exclude student loan payments from wealth holdings when calculating Zakat.

If you have a monthly loan installment then can I give zakat?

If you have monthly loan installments, you cannot give Zakat on the loan amount until it is fully paid off and you have the remaining amount of wealth above the nisab threshold.

In conclusion, do you pay Zakat if you have loans, it depends on several factors. If the loan is for personal or household expenses and you don’t have enough assets to cover the outstanding debt, then you are not obliged to pay Zakat. But if you have enough assets to cover the debt, then you have to pay Zakat on those assets. However, if the loan is for business purposes or to acquire an asset, then the Zakat would be due on the net value of your assets after deducting the outstanding loan amount.

 

It is important to consult with a qualified Islamic scholar or financial advisor to determine your Zakat obligations based on your specific circumstances. Paying Zakat is an essential aspect of Islamic financial practice and should be taken seriously to fulfill one’s religious obligations and contribute to the welfare of the community.

The post Do You Pay Zakat If You Have Loans? appeared first on UMR.

Islamic Fidya and Kaffarah: A Conceptual Analysis

Fidya and Kaffarah are two terms that hold significant importance in Islamic jurisprudence, especially during the month of Ramadan. Fidya refers to the compensation that is paid when a person is unable to fast due to illness or other valid reasons. At the same time, Kaffarah is the penalty for breaking a fast intentionally.

In this blog, we will explore the concepts of Fidya and Kaffarah in detail and understand their significance in Islam. We will also discuss the conditions under which these obligations arise and the rules and regulations that govern them. 

Whether you are a practicing Muslim or simply interested in learning about Islamic traditions and rituals, this blog post will provide you with valuable insights into the concepts of Fidya and Kaffarah. So, let’s dive in and explore these important aspects of Islamic jurisprudence together.

What is Fidya?

In  Islam, fidya is a religious obligation. It involves paying monetary compensation for a missed fast during Ramadan. According to Islamic law, Muslims who are unable to fast due to valid reasons are required to pay fidya. The fidya is for helping the poor and needy. In Quran,

 

“And if any of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessitating shaving), (he should) in compensation either fast or feed the poor, or offer sacrifice.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:196)

 

The amount of fidya is calculated based on the current cost of a basic meal in the region. It is equal to feeding one poor person for each missed or invalid fast. The fidya payment is a way for Muslims who cannot fast to fulfill their religious obligation.

Eligibility for Fidya

There is some categories for giving fidya. It applies to certain types of people for certain reasons if someone is unable to fast. Here is the list of reasons for what reasons you have to pay fidya:

1. Elderly Muslims who cannot fast due to age or health pay this Fidya.
2. A pregnant or breastfeeding Muslim woman who is unable to fast due to health reasons pay this type of Fidya.
3. Severely ill Muslims who cannot fast pay this Fidya.
4. Mentally ill Muslims who cannot fast pay this Fidya.
5. Traveling Muslims who cannot fast during Ramadan pay for this Fidya.

The amount of Fidya varies depending on the region and the current market prices of the food items. One consult with a religious authority for guidance on the amount of Fidya.

What is Kaffarah?

Kaffarah definition is an Arabic term used in Islamic law to refer to a penalty or expiation for certain violations or sins. In Islam, there are certain acts that need kaffarah as a means of seeking forgiveness from Allah. In Quran, it says,

“But those who can fast (but) with hardship, (they have to compensate) feeding a poor person for each day (missed). And whoever volunteers good, it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:184)

Kaffarah is for serious offenses, such as breaking a fast during the month of Ramadan without a valid reason or breaking an oath intentionally. In such cases, the person who committed the offense is required to make a donation to the poor or needy.

Types of Kaffarah

Kaffarah meaning in Arabic is atonement for specific sins or misdeeds. There are different types of Kaffarah in Islam, including –

Kaffarah for breaking a fast

Kaffara for fasting is for those who intentionally break their fast during Ramadan. The kaffara for breaking fast requires the person to fast for 60 consecutive days or to feed 60 poor people. Kaffara for breaking fast due to illness has many opinions. Scholars say if the sickness is severe and will be made worse by fasting, then you don’t have to pay any compensation.

Kaffarah for breaking an oath

This type of Kaffarah is for those who break an oath they have taken. It requires the person to either fast for three consecutive days or feed ten poor people.

Kaffarah for hunting during Hajj

This type of Kaffarah is for those who hunt an animal during the Hajj pilgrimage. It requires the person to either sacrifice a domestic animal or feed six poor people.

Kaffarah for accidental death

This type of Kaffarah is for those who are accidentally responsible for another person’s death. It requires the person to either free a slave, fast for two consecutive months or feed sixty poor people.

Kaffarah for breaking a vow

This type of Kaffarah is for those who break a vow they have made to Allah. It requires the person to either feed ten poor people or clothe them.

It is important to note that Kaffarah is only applicable for certain sins and is not a substitute for sincere repentance and seeking forgiveness from Allah.

Differences between Fidya and Kaffarah

Criteria	Fidya	Kaffarah
Definition	A compensation or penalty for missing a fast during Ramadan unintentionally or having a valid reason	A compensation or penalty for committing certain sins or breaking a fast intentionally
Purpose	To feed a needy person for each day of missed or intentionally broken fast	To make up for sins or mistakes and seek forgiveness from Allah
Amount	In most cases, the amount is equivalent to feeding one poor person two meals for each day of missed	Depending on the sin, the amount may vary from fasting for 60 consecutive days to feeding 10 poor people.
Eligibility	Fidya is applicable to those who are unable to fast due to illness, pregnancy, or breastfeeding, or those who are too old or too weak to fast	Kaffarah is applicable to those who break an oath or commit certain sins, such as intentionally breaking a fast during Ramadan without a valid reason, committing unintentional murder.
Timing	Fidya can be paid after Ramadan, but before the next Ramadan begins	Kaffarah should be paid as soon as possible after committing the sin or mistake

Calculation of Fidya and Kaffarah

Fidya

To calculate fidya, you can follow the steps below:

1. Count the number of days that you were unable to fast during Ramadan.
2. The amount of fidya that should be paid per day is the value of one meal or the average cost of a meal in your local area. This amount may vary depending on your location and the cost of food in your area.
3. Once you have determined the number of missed fasts and the amount of fidya per day, multiply these two numbers together to get the total amount of fidya that you need to pay.

For example, if the average cost of a meal in your area is $5 and you missed 10 fasts during Ramadan, the calculation would be –

Fidya per day = $5

Number of missed fasts = 10

Total fidya = Fidya per day x Number of missed fasts

Total fidya = $5 x 10 = $50

Therefore, you would need to pay $50 as fidya for the missed fasts during Ramadan. It is recommended to pay fidya as soon as possible after Ramadan, but it can be paid later if necessary.

Kaffarah

In terms of kaffarah, there is no certain calculation. As kaffarah is given for different sins, the amount of compensation depends on the sins you have committed. And they mainly involve feeding the poor and fasting. 

The value of the penalty is equal to the cost of two meals a day for sixty poor people. The cost of the meal may vary depending on the location and the type of food you choose to provide. You can also donate the money to an organization that provides food to the poor. Take the guidance of an Islamic scholar to fulfill kaffarah properly.

In Islam, kaffarah is a serious issue that should be taken seriously. It is always best to make up for missed fasts as soon as possible.

Importance of Fulfilling Fidya and Kaffarah

Fidya and kaffarah are important concepts in Islam that relate to the expiation of certain types of sins or omissions. Fidya is a form of compensation paid by those who are unable to fast during Ramadan due to illness, pregnancy, or old age, while kaffarah is a form of penalty paid for certain serious violations of Islamic law.

Fulfilling fidya and kaffarah is important for several reasons. First, it is a way to seek forgiveness from Allah and to show remorse for one’s mistakes. It is a means of purifying oneself from sin and demonstrating sincerity in one’s faith.

Second, it is a way to uphold the principles of justice and fairness in society. By paying fidya or kaffarah, one is making amends for the harm caused by their actions and compensating those who may have been affected. This helps to maintain the social order and prevent further harm.

Finally, fulfilling fidya and kaffarah is a way to demonstrate compassion and generosity towards those in need. Fidya is often paid to provide food for the poor, while kaffarah may involve giving money or other forms of assistance to those who have been wronged. By doing so, one is fulfilling their duty to care for their fellow human beings and to work towards a more just and equitable society.

In summary, fulfilling fidya and kaffarah is an important aspect of Islamic practice that involves seeking forgiveness, upholding justice, and demonstrating compassion. It is a way to purify oneself from sin, compensate those who have been wronged, and help those in need.

The post Islamic Fidya and Kaffarah: A Conceptual Analysis appeared first on UMR.

What is Zakat Al Mal?

Many Muslims are unfamiliar with the term “Zakat al Mal”. So, what is Zakat al-Mal? Zakat al-Mal or commonly referred to as Zakat is the third pillar of Islam. Every year, Muslims have to give money to charity as part of this pillar. It’s a certain amount of money that’s given to people in need. 

When we eat an apple we consume the whole thing except the seed which is only 2 percent of it. After that, the seed is used to produce more fruits for you. Zakat fulfills the same function as the seed. Allah has blessed you with money, and you are free to enjoy it in a halal manner. In exchange, you merely have to give Allah 2.5 percent of it. As a result, Allah has vowed to reward you abundantly. On the contrary, if you become too greedy and eat the seeds of the Apple, it can be fatal for your life. Likewise, if you don’t pay your Zakat, it’ll be fatal for both your life and the afterlife.

In this blog, we will talk in-depth about what zakat al-mal is and what it means in Islam.

The Concept of Zakat al-Mal in Islam

Zakat al-mal commonly referred to as “zakat on wealth” or “alms-giving,” is a required act of worship in Islam that entails giving away a portion of one’s income to benefit those who are less fortunate. Zakat al-mal is calculated as 2.5% of an individual’s wealth. The Quran makes numerous references to the idea of zakat. In surah: 7:156 the last part states: 

“......will show mercy to those who abstain from evil, pay Zakat and have faith in Our signs.”

Zakat was encouraged way before Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him). In surah: 19:31 Prophet Isa (peace be upon him) mentioned zakat along with prayer:

“And has blessed me wherever I might be and has enjoined upon me Prayer and Zakah (purifying alms) as long as I live;”

The purpose of Zakat al-mal is to purify the wealth of the believers and to provide for the needs of the poor and needy in society. By giving it, Muslims demonstrate their gratitude for the blessings they have received and show compassion towards those in need. Zakat al-mal plays an important role in promoting social welfare and economic justice in Islamic societies, and it serves as a means of redistributing wealth and ensuring the well-being of the less fortunate members of the community.

The Eligibility of Zakat al-Mal

Zakat al-Mal is an obligatory charitable payment demanded of Muslims who meet specific criteria. The following are the conditions for Zakat al-Mal:

Wealth ownership: A person must own wealth that reaches or surpasses the nisab criterion. 

Eligible wealth: Only particular types of wealth, including cash, gold, silver, stocks, and company assets, are eligible for Zakat al-Mal.

One lunar year ownership: The wealth must be in the person’s possession for at least one lunar year (Islamic calendar) before the Zakat al-Mal is due.

Excess wealth: After eliminating any debts or liabilities, the wealth must exceed the nisab level.

Intention: The individual must intend to donate Zakat al-Mal.

Zakat al-mal nisab is the bare minimum of wealth that a person must possess before Zakat al-Mal becomes required. The nisab is determined by the current market price of silver or gold. The Hanafi school of Islamic law says that the nisab is worth 612.36 grams of silver, while the other schools say that it is worth 87.48 grams of gold.

This means that if a Muslim’s wealth is at or above the nisab threshold, they must pay 2.5% of their total wealth as Zakat. But they don’t have to pay Zakat if their wealth is less than the nisab. The goal of nisab and Zakat is to help people who are in need and to promote social and economic justice in the Muslim community.

“…..true righteousness consists in believing in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book and the Prophets, and in giving away one’s property in the love of Him to one’s kinsmen, the orphans, the poor and the wayfarer, and to those who ask for help, and in freeing the necks of slaves, and in establishing Prayer and dispensing the Zakah.”

So, the list of recipients of Zakat are: 

1. Poor (Al-Fuqara).
2. Needy (Al- Masakin).
3. Admins of Zakat collections
4. New Muslims 
5. Slaves and Captives
6. Debtor.
7. For Allah.
8. Travelers; (who are stranded on traveling with few resources).

Gold and Silver

You don’t have to give Zakat for the gold and silver you are wearing or using. It is applicable for stored gold and silver. Muslims have to pay 2.5 percent of their preserved gold and silver as a Zakat donation.

Business

If you are a business owner then you have to pay Zakat on the below category:
i. Your cash on the business,
ii. The receivables (the money that’s going to be coming to you very shortly),
iii. The products that you are going to sell
You don’t have to pay for the fixed assets such as the buildings, machinery, vehicles and so on that are essential for the business. Additionally, if you are in a partnership business, you must pay Zakat based on your proportional stake of the organization. For example, if you own 50 percent of a business, then you only need to pay Zakat on the 50 percent that you own.

Stocks

You need to pay Zakat for the full amount of the stocks if you bought it to buy and sell regularly. However, if you are buying stocks to hold, then you need to work out the Zakatable assets within that stock. For doing that, you need to go through the annual accounts where you will find the same categories as business which are cash, receivables and works in progress. For example, if you buy a stock for 100 USD and 30 percent of that is Zakatable. Then you have to pay 2.5 percentZakat for 30 USD which is around 75 cents. And that’s how you pay Zakat for your stocks.

Funds/Pensions

If you invest various funds or pensions in stock, then the easy way to approach this is to take 25 percent of the investment as an approximation and then pay 2.5 percent Zakat on all of that.

Property

If you are buying property for selling it then you have to pay the whole amount. Except if you bought to live in it or rent it out then you don’t need to give Zakat on that.

Debts

You are required to pay the normal proportion of zakat on any debts that are owed to you and will be repaid to you in a year or less

"Whoever gives away charity the size of a date that is acquired legitimately, since Allah only accepts the good lawful things, Allah will indeed take it with His right Hand and cause it to grow for its owner, just as one of you grows up his colt, until the point where the charity will be the size of a mountain." [Al-Bukhari]

“Giving charity wipes away sins just as water extinguishes fire.”

“Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, establish regular prayers, pay their zakat, and fear none (but for Allah) will visit and preserve Allah’s mosques.”

The post What is Zakat Al Mal? appeared first on UMR.

• The wealthy person who is obligated to pay Zakat
• Non-Muslims
• One’s parents, grandparents, spouse and children
• The Prophet’s (peace be upon him) Descendants 
• Slaves and servants, unless they meet the conditions for being considered poor
• Wealthy businessmen who have debts
• Those who are fighting in the cause of Allah (Jihad)

• When a non-Muslim requires quick assistance in a situation that could mean the difference between life and death. 
• Another one is Non-Muslims whose minds are drawn to Islam (who are on the verge of converting to Islam) can still receive Zakat. 
• The People of the Book to whom this excess Zakat is paid do no harm to Muslims or to the religion of Islam (Even though most scholars don’t agree with this).

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When Do I Pay Zakat?

Zakat, or the giving of alms to those in need, is a central tenet of Islam and is considered a form of worship. It is mandatory for all Muslims who meet certain financial criteria to pay Zakat annually. In one of Prophet(Peace be upon him)’s hadith, it says,

“Whoever pays the zakat on his wealth will have its evil removed from him” 

Some people have a common question about when do I pay Zakat? Determining when to pay Zakat can sometimes be a source of confusion for those who are unfamiliar with the guidelines. In this blog, we will break down the principles and rules surrounding the payment of Zakat. The purpose of this blog is to help you understand when it is time for you to fulfill this important obligation.

The Origins of Zakat

Zakat and Salat (Prayer) share the same origin. Like Salat, the act of Zakat has always existed in the law of the previous prophets, as is evident from the Qur’an. Several verses in the Quran mention the imposition of Zakat on the earlier Prophets. In Surah Al-Anbiyaa [21:73], it says,

And We sent them inspiration to do good deeds and to be diligent in the Salat and pay Zakat.

At first, Zakat was a voluntary act. The Sahaba (RA) were told that they could pay Zakat to please Allah if they wanted to. Later, though, Zakat became a law, and Muslims who had more money than a certain amount were forced to pay it. 

When do you Pay Zakat

The timing and frequency of Zakat payment are determined by Islamic law and tradition. According to the majority of Islamic scholars, in order to start paying your Zakat, you have to keep a few things in your head:

1. You have to be an adult,
2. You have to have Zakat eligible assets(Nisab),
3. You have to possess the Nisab at least for one year.

You can also start counting the years since you first paid Zakat as the beginning of your Zakat anniversary.

It is important to note that Zakat on cash or assets that have increased in value over the past year and that meet the minimum threshold of Nisab, which is currently set at 87.48 grams of gold or 612.36 grams of silver should be paid on time. The amount of Zakat to be paid is 2.5% of the total value of the eligible assets.

Zakat during Ramadan

Many people have the mistaken belief that Zakat can only be paid during the holy month of Ramadan, which is incorrect. Ramadan is a holy month during which Muslims fast from dawn to sunset and read the Quran. Giving Zakat or charity during this time is an extremely honorable deed, and the giver will reap greater blessings as promised by Allah. That’s why many prefer to donate Zakat during Ramadan.

Can Zakat be Paid in Installments

The scholars agreed that the individual was required to pay his Zakat immediately. If he is able, he must pay his Zakat in one lump sum right away. But, in some cases, individuals may not have the full amount of Zakat to pay in one lump sum, but they can still fulfill their obligation by paying in installments over the course of the year. However, it’s important to note that the total amount paid must still meet the minimum required by Islamic law and should be paid within the same Islamic calendar year.

 

Paying Zakat properly on time is important for fulfilling religious obligations, purifying wealth, helping the needy, and promoting a spirit of generosity.

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